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Definition: How can DNA methylation patterns change with age?

DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that involves the addition of a methyl group to the DNA molecule. It plays a crucial role in gene regulation and can influence gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. DNA methylation patterns can change with age, and these changes have been associated with various biological processes and age-related diseases.

Factors influencing DNA methylation patterns

Several factors can influence DNA methylation patterns as individuals age:

Environmental factors: Exposure to environmental factors such as pollution, diet, and lifestyle choices can impact DNA methylation patterns. For example, smoking and exposure to certain chemicals have been shown to alter DNA methylation levels.

Genetic factors: Genetic variations can influence DNA methylation patterns. Certain genetic variants can affect the activity of enzymes involved in DNA methylation, leading to changes in methylation patterns.

Cellular processes: DNA methylation patterns can also change as a result of normal cellular processes, such as DNA replication and repair. These processes can introduce errors or modifications in DNA methylation patterns.

Epigenetic drift: Over time, DNA methylation patterns can undergo gradual changes, a phenomenon known as epigenetic drift. This drift can be influenced by various factors, including age, environmental exposures, and genetic factors.

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Implications of age-related DNA methylation changes

Changes in DNA methylation patterns with age can have significant implications for health and disease:

• Aging process: Altered DNA methylation patterns have been associated with the aging process itself. Age-related changes in DNA methylation can affect the expression of genes involved in various biological processes, potentially contributing to age-related decline and diseases.
• Age-related diseases: DNA methylation changes have been linked to the development and progression of age-related diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic conditions. These changes can influence the expression of genes involved in disease pathways.
• Biomarkers of aging: DNA methylation patterns can serve as biomarkers of aging. Researchers have identified specific DNA methylation patterns that correlate with chronological age, providing a potential tool for estimating an individual’s biological age.

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Understanding how DNA methylation patterns change with age is a rapidly evolving field of research. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and explore the potential therapeutic implications of targeting age-related DNA methylation changes.

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