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How can caloric restriction mimetics affect cellular senescence?

Cellular senescence refers to the state of irreversible growth arrest that cells enter into as they age. It is characterized by various changes in cellular morphology and function, including the accumulation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors.

Caloric restriction mimetics are compounds that mimic the effects of caloric restriction, which is a dietary intervention known to extend lifespan and improve healthspan in various organisms. These mimetics activate similar cellular pathways as caloric restriction, such as the sirtuin pathway and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway.

Effects of caloric restriction mimetics on cellular senescence:

1. Delaying senescence onset: Caloric restriction mimetics have been shown to delay the onset of cellular senescence. They can activate sirtuins, which are a class of proteins involved in regulating cellular processes related to aging. Sirtuins can promote DNA repair, enhance mitochondrial function, and regulate cellular metabolism, all of which contribute to delaying senescence.

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2. Reducing SASP factors: Caloric restriction mimetics can also reduce the production and secretion of SASP factors by senescent cells. SASP factors are pro-inflammatory molecules that can promote tissue dysfunction and contribute to age-related diseases. By suppressing SASP factors, caloric restriction mimetics can potentially mitigate the negative effects of cellular senescence.

3. Enhancing autophagy: Autophagy is a cellular process involved in the degradation and recycling of damaged cellular components. It plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing the accumulation of senescent cells. Caloric restriction mimetics can enhance autophagy, thereby promoting the clearance of senescent cells and reducing senescence-associated phenotypes.

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4. Activating AMPK pathway: Caloric restriction mimetics can activate the AMPK pathway, which is a cellular energy sensor. Activation of AMPK can enhance mitochondrial function, increase cellular energy production, and improve cellular stress resistance. These effects can contribute to delaying cellular senescence and promoting overall cellular health.

In summary, caloric restriction mimetics can affect cellular senescence by delaying senescence onset, reducing SASP factors, enhancing autophagy, and activating the AMPK pathway. These effects contribute to promoting cellular health and potentially extending lifespan.

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Keywords: cellular, senescence, caloric, restriction, mimetics, factors, effects, pathway, delaying