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How can antioxidants neutralize free radicals in the body?

Antioxidants play a crucial role in neutralizing free radicals in the body. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules that can cause damage to cells and contribute to various health issues, including aging and chronic diseases.

1. Donation of electrons

Antioxidants can neutralize free radicals by donating an electron to them. Free radicals are unstable because they have an unpaired electron in their outer shell. Antioxidants, on the other hand, have the ability to donate an electron without becoming unstable themselves. By donating an electron to a free radical, antioxidants effectively stabilize it and prevent it from causing further damage.

2. Breaking the chain reaction

Free radicals can initiate a chain reaction in the body, where one free radical can trigger the formation of multiple others. Antioxidants can break this chain reaction by intercepting and neutralizing free radicals before they can cause further damage. By doing so, antioxidants prevent the propagation of oxidative stress and minimize the harmful effects of free radicals.

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3. Regeneration of other antioxidants

Antioxidants can also regenerate other antioxidants in the body. When an antioxidant donates an electron to a free radical, it becomes oxidized itself. However, certain antioxidants have the ability to be regenerated by other antioxidants. For example, vitamin C can regenerate vitamin E, allowing it to continue its antioxidant activity. This regeneration process ensures a continuous supply of antioxidants to combat free radicals.

4. Enhancing the activity of enzymes

Some antioxidants can enhance the activity of enzymes that are responsible for neutralizing free radicals. For instance, glutathione peroxidase is an enzyme that helps convert harmful hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Antioxidants like selenium and vitamin E can enhance the activity of this enzyme, increasing its effectiveness in neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress.

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In conclusion, antioxidants neutralize free radicals in the body through various mechanisms, including electron donation, breaking the chain reaction, regeneration of other antioxidants, and enhancing the activity of enzymes. By doing so, antioxidants help protect cells from damage, promote overall health, and potentially extend longevity.

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