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Are Caloric Restriction Mimetics Effective in Extending Lifespan?

Caloric restriction mimetics are compounds that mimic the effects of caloric restriction, a dietary intervention known to extend lifespan and improve healthspan in various organisms. These compounds aim to activate similar molecular pathways as caloric restriction without the need for reducing calorie intake.

What is Caloric Restriction?

Caloric restriction is a dietary intervention that involves reducing calorie intake without causing malnutrition. It has been extensively studied in various organisms, including yeast, worms, flies, mice, and non-human primates. Caloric restriction has consistently shown to extend lifespan and delay the onset of age-related diseases in these organisms.

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How Do Caloric Restriction Mimetics Work?

Caloric restriction mimetics work by activating specific molecular pathways that are also activated during caloric restriction. These pathways include the sirtuin pathway, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Activation of these pathways can lead to various cellular and physiological changes that are associated with increased lifespan and improved healthspan.

Examples of Caloric Restriction Mimetics

Several compounds have been identified as potential caloric restriction mimetics. These include resveratrol, a polyphenol found in red wine and grapes; rapamycin, an immunosuppressant drug; metformin, a commonly used diabetes medication; and spermidine, a naturally occurring polyamine. These compounds have shown promising results in extending lifespan and improving healthspan in various organisms.

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Evidence for the Effectiveness of Caloric Restriction Mimetics

Studies conducted in various organisms have provided evidence for the effectiveness of caloric restriction mimetics in extending lifespan. For example, resveratrol has been shown to extend lifespan in yeast, worms, flies, and mice. Rapamycin has also been shown to extend lifespan in mice and delay the onset of age-related diseases. Metformin has demonstrated similar effects in worms and mice. Spermidine has been shown to extend lifespan in yeast, worms, flies, and mice.

Conclusion

Caloric restriction mimetics are compounds that mimic the effects of caloric restriction and have shown promise in extending lifespan and improving healthspan in various organisms. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action and potential side effects of these compounds. However, they hold potential as interventions for promoting healthy aging and extending lifespan.

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