Somalia is an African nation located in the Horn of Africa. It shares its land borders with Kenya, Djibouti, and Ethiopia. Somalia has coastlines along the Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden. The country encompasses an area of 637,657 square km and has an estimated population of 14,317,996. Ethnic Somalis practicing Islam dominate the demographics of the nation.

　　

What Is the Capital of Somalia and Where Is it Located?

The coastal city of Mogadishu is Somalia’s largest city and also the seat of the national government. It is located along the coast of the Indian Ocean in the southern part of the country. Administratively, the city is part of Somalia’s Banaadir region. Mogadishu has an area of 103 square km and has an estimated population of 2,425,000. The city is relatively low-lying with elevation ranging from sea-level to a maximum of 30 ft above sea-level. The Shebelle River flows near the city. Mogadishu experiences a hot and semi-arid type of climate.

　　

History of the Capital City of Somalia

According to ancient records and beliefs, the Somalian region, including the site where the modern-day city of Mogadishu is located, was inhabited by hunter-gatherers. In the later centuries, agro-pastoralists settled in the area and gradually established kingdoms in the region. With the growth in population and infrastructure, Mogadishu soon emerged as one of the most important settlements in Somalia. The city's role as capital began in 1889, when Mogadishu was designated as the capital of the Italian colony of Somaliland. The city held this role until 1936, and since 1960 Mogadishu has served as the capital of the independent nation of Somalia. In recent years, Mogadishu has witnessed several periods of intense civil war and political unrest. However, the city is currently more peaceful, and is now experiencing a rapid phase of reconstruction.

　　

Current Role of the Capital of Somalia

The capital of Somalia houses several important institutions, buildings, and offices of national importance. These include the official residence of the country’s president, which is named the Villa Somalia, the meeting place of the Somali Parliament, federal ministries, and embassies. The first bank in the country opened its first branch in Mogadishu. The city houses several important mosques including the largest in the Horn of Africa. Mogadishu also hosts the best educational institutions of Somalia. It has many museums, palaces, and entertainment and recreational venues. The Port of Mogadishu is one of the country's busiest ports. The multi-ethnic city is the economic hub of Somalia, and many companies active in the country have headquarters in Mogadishu. Several banks, insurance firms, and other financial institutions also operate in the city.